Almost all astrological books iif India are after Parasara who is said to have lived before the dawn of Kali Yuga more than 5, years ago.
Even eminent authors and commentators like Varahamihirs, Bhattotpala, Venkatesa and others, who have enriched the astrological field by the effusions of their fertile brains, have held Parasara in high esteep and have based all their writings on the principles propounded by him.
Thus there is absolutely no ground to doubt the accuracy of the Parasari system. My own publication Studies im Jalmlui Astrology may also be studied with advantage. I have mainly followed Parasara in the collection of material for this book and have devoted myself to a clear exposition of the various principles of astrology by following which the future of man can be revealed with sufficient accuracy.
In chapters dealing with Casting the Horoscope, Ashtaka- varga. The chapters on Death and Unknown Birth Times open fresh fields for research and investigation. It is with a view to drawing the attention of the reader to the necessity of instituting inquiries into the problem of Unknown Birth Times that these chapters have been included.
The chapters are systematically arranged. As a matter of fact the book is so graduated as to make even the beginner well acquainted with all the principles easily, while the advanced student will find much useful information with which he will not have come into contact hitherto.
Both these books may be studied with great benefit. I trust that my honest snd humble endeavours to further the cause of Astrology will not go in vain and that this humble venture will be appreciated by all well-wishers of knowledge.
Bangalore B. Hindu Time Measure IV. Planets, Signs and Constellations V. Peculiarities of the Zodiacal Signs VI. Astrological Terminology VII. Western Method of Horoscope Casting X. The Sbadvargas XI. Ayurdaya or Longevity XV. Results of Ascending Signs XiX. Judgment of Bhavas Houses XX. This attitude is due to the fact that they do not approach the subject with an unbiassed and unprejudiced mind.
This is the test by which astrological theory should be judged. This is 2 Hindu Predictive Astrology the most ancient of ail sciences and had reached considerable perfection in India thousands of years ago.
They preach frankness and research as fair and reasonable; but show the greatest bigotry, when the subject of astrology is taken up or introduced.
In Sanskrit it is called Hora Sastra meaning the science that treats of Time. It is also called Jyotisha o r the Knowledge of Light from Jyoti or Light which is the root-cause for ail known creation. Astrology is derived from Aster —a star, and Logos —reason or logic. No sane brain could ever deny the influence of planets upon man and how they affect, deter and facilitate his future career on the three planes of human existence, viz.
That a certain subtle power, derived from nature, pervades the entire universe, and the earth we inhabit is also subject to this mysterious and subtle power is evident to all. The Sun by his daily movements and the change of seasons brings to Necessity for the Study of Astrology 3 perfection the embryo in plants and animals and brings about various changes on the earth.
The Moon being nearest to the earth exercises much influence on it and as she wanes and waxes rivers swell, the tides of the sea are ruled and the plants and animals aflected. The Sun as the central figure predominates over the entire arrangement of the celestial system and the other planets aod stars are directed by his rays. Thus, it invariably follows, that all bodies in nature, whether animate or inanimate, are subject to the motions of the celestial bodies.
Astrology must not be confused with fatalism, witchcraft. It interprets what it conceives to be the future of man as jnoulded by his previous Karma and indicated by the planetary positions at the time of birth.
The greatest men of the world believed in and practised astrology. Kepler, Bacon, Pythogoras and Demo- crates were masters in astrology. By thus knowing the future correctly, man can so create an environment that, be can cope with the adverse periods of his life and alleviate the evils, indicated by the planets to a great extent.
The human will is free to a certain extent and advance knowledge of the future can enable one to mitigate many evils. The ecliptic or the path of the Sun passes exactly through the centre of the zodiac longitudinally. It is an imaginary circle of degrees and the ancients divided this zodiac into 12 equal parts of 30 degrees each, each being named after the constellation.
Though each of these signs differs considerably from the other, yet there is a sort of continuity through all the twelve. The quality of each sign is not equally spread, but every degree in a sign has its own peculiar qualities. The zodiac, jcnown as the Bhachakra in Sanskrit, revolves on its axis once in a day from east to west.
The planetary orbs, which the ancients recognised as having the most powerful influences on our earth are seven, leaving aside the shadowy planets, Rahu and Ketu, and the so called newly discovered planets Uranus, Neptune and Pluto which Hindu astrology does not recognise.
As inhabitants of the earth, we are concerned with the influences of these celestial bodies on our planet. AH the planets perform the double function of not only revolving on their own axes once in a day from west to east but also round the Sun.
According to Suryasiddhanta, Saturn is the 6 Hindu Predictive Astrology most distant planet from the earth. Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, Venus, Mercury and the Moon come next in the order of their distance from the terrestrial globe. Thus we see that the nearest planet to our own orb is the Moon. The velocity of each planet diminishes as its distance from the earth increases. The Sun moves at the rate of roughly 1 degree of this Circle of Light zodiac in one day composed of 24 hours or boras, and takes days and 6 hours to complete a circuit round the zodiac.
He completes his average run in 27 days. He gets into forward and backward motions from the Sun and attains what is called astam or combustion. He hardly takes a day to move in each degree, but moves on more rapidly for some time, gets in front of the Sun and then begins to move slowly and goes backwards from the Sun. These two states of combustion, viz. In these double motions of backwards and forwards. Mercury never gets away more than 28 degrees in either direction from the Sun.
Though the time allotted to Jupiter is one year in each sign of 30 degrees, there is also some variation and the Jovian year or Barhas- pathyamana will be a little less than 12 years in the 12 signs.
Venus moves at the rate of 1 degree per day. Rahu and Ketu which revolve in the Apasavya order, i. All the planets, excepting the Sun, the Moon and the shadowy planets Rabu and Ketu, undergo retrogression or vakra and this will be folly explained in a future chapter. This much of the explanation of the solar system seems to be necessary to facilitate comprehension of the astrological terms described in the subsequent chapters.
For further details about the astronomical peculiarities. I must refer the readers to my A Manual of Hindu Astrology. Prabhava Nandana 2.
Vibbava Vi jay a 3. Sukla Jaya 4. Pramoduta Manmatha 5. Prajotpatti Durmukhi 6. Angirasa JHcvilambl 7, Srimukha Vilambi 8. Bhava Vikari 9. Sarwari Dbalu Plava Eswara Babudhaoya Shobhakrito Pramadi Krodht Vikrama Viswavasa Vishu Parabhava Chitrabhanu Plavanga Swabhaou Kilaka Taraoa Soumya 19 Parthiva Sadharana Vyaya Virodbikritu Sarwajitu Sarwadhari Pramadicha Virodbi Ananda Vikrili Rakshasa Kbara Nala Hindu Tine Measure 9 Pingala Dunhubbi Kalayukti Rudhirodgari Skldbarthi Rakthakshi Roudri Krodbaoa Durmathi Ruthns or Seasons The principal seasons among the Hindus are six, whereas the Europeans consider only four, viz..
Autumn, Spring, Winter and the Summer. Mesba Aries the Ram r 2. Vrishabha Taurus the Bull « 3. Mithuna Gemini the Twins n 4. Thula Libra the Balance 8. Vrischika Scorpio the Scorpion "l 9. Dhanus Sagittarius the Centaur t Meena Pisces the Fishes X f lands. Signs and Constellations 13 The zodiac is a circle of light and consequently it knows no beginning or end. In order to measure the distance an astronomical point end of the constellation of Revati is established which is called the first point of Aries.
The zodiac is marked by 27 constellations or naksbatras. The first point of the Aswini, the first constellation, synchronises with the first point of Aries, which is the starting point of the fixed zodiac. The Rasis signs and Nakshatras constellations are both reckoned from the same point, viz.
The constellations are 1. Bharani—41 Arietis, 3 stars resembling a female sexual organ. Krittika—q Tauri Alcyone-2, 6 stars resembling a razor.
Robini— Aldebaran, 5 stars resembling a chariot. Mrigasira— l Orionis, 3 stars resembling a head of a deer. Aridra—a Beteigeuse, one star resembling a head. Punarvasu —p Geminorium Pollux, 5 stars resembling a bow. Pushyami —8 Cancri, 3 stars resembling a flower. Makha —p Leonis or Regulus, 3 stars resembling a palanquin.
China— Virginis Spiea, one star resembling a pearl. Swati—a Booth or Arcturus, one star resembling a sapphire. Visakha—a Librae, 3 stars resembling a potter's wheel. Anuradha— 8 Scorpii, 3 stars resembling an umbrella. Jyeshta— Antares, 3 stars resembling an umbrella. Moola— i Scorpii, 6 stars resembling a crouching line.
Poorvashadha, Uttarashadha— S and o Sagittarii, 4 stars resembling a square. Sravana—a Aquila, 3 stars resembling an arrow. Dhanishta— fi Delphini, 4 stars resembling a drum. Poorvabhadra—0 Pegasi 4 stars resembling the legs Uttarabhadra—Y Pegasi j of a cot. The following quarters padas of the constellations comprise the twelve zodiacal signs :— No.
Aries 1. Kriitika 1 30 0 2. Tiaras Krittika 3 40 0 4. Robioi 4 53 20 5. Mrigasira 2 60 0 3. Punarvasu 3 90 0 4. Cancer Punarvasu 1 93 20 8. Pusbyami 4 40 9. Signs and Constellations 13 Ho. Leo Makha 4 20 — Uttara l 0 6. Virgo Uttara 3 0 Cbitta 2 0 7. Libra Chitta 2 40 Swati 4 20 0 0 Visakha 3 0 8. Anuradha 4 40 Jyeshta 4 0 9. Sagittarius Moo la 4 20 Sravana 4 20 Dhaoishta 2 0 Satabhisha 4 0 Poorvabhadra 3 0 Pisces Poorvabbadrr 1 20 Uttarabbadra 4 40 Revati 4 0 Tbe above table interpreted means that four -quarters of Aswini, four quarters of Bharani and the first quarter of Krittika make up Aries or Mesha.
The remaining three quarters of Krittika, four quarters of Rohini and the first two quarters of Mrigasira compose Taurus or Vrishabba and so on. This will enable one to fix the positions of planets in a horoscope, as in most Hindu almanacs, the planetary positions are generally given in constellations and quarters. For instance, each sign represents some element in nature, such as fire, air, earth and water. Taurus, Virgo and Capricorn are earthy signs Bhutatwa Rasis. Gemini, Libra and Aquarius are airy signs Vayutatwa Rasis.
The Prushtodaya signs rising by hinder part are Aries, Taurus. Cancer, Sagittarius and Capricorn. These signs along with Gemini are said to be powerful during the night. Pisces forms a combination of the two and is called Ubhayodaya jlasi with power both during day and night. Gemini, Virgo. Aquarius and the first half of Sagittarius are the signs gl voice. These details would be highly useful in the delineation of character and mental disposition.
Cadent houses Panaparas are 2, 5 f 8 and Succeedent houses Apoklimas are 3, 6, 9 and 12 9th being a trikona must be omitted. Upachayas a rc 3, 6, 10 and For instance, the Sun rules Leo. Based on such an arrangement, the rulerships are allotted. The planets and signs are related by what is known as sign rulership. Venus rules Taurus and Libra. Mercury governs Gemini and Virgo. The Moon owns Cancer. The Sun is the lord of Leo. Capricorn and Aquarius are ruled by Saturn.
Leo and Ketu rule Scorpio. Rahu owns Leo and Ketu rules Scorpio. Sun is debilitated in the 10th degree of Libra, the Moon in the 3rd degree of Scorpio and so on. Benejics and. They tend to do good or evil. Jupiter, Venus, Full Moon and well-associated Mercury a ft held to be good planets.
New Moon, badly associated Mercury, the Sun, Saturn, Mars, Rahu and Ketu are evil or malefic ones: From the eighth day of the bright half of the lunar month the Moon is full and strong. She is weak from the eighth day of the dark half. Ketu are eunuchs or hermaphrodites. This enables us to determine the sex of tbe child in the birth horoscope and tbe sex of the person involved if it is a horary chart.
Mars—blood red. Planetary Natures. Venus and Mercury represent Rajasa or imperious disposition. Mars and Saturn deoote Thamasa or dull nature. Planetary Relations. Friendship will be both permanent and temporary. Saturn None Mara Sun, Moon. Moon, Mars Temporary Relationship Besides Naisargika or natural friendship, planets become temporary friends also by virtue of their sign positions.
Planets found in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 10th, 11th and 12th signs from any other planet, become its temporary friends. Those ip the remaining signs become temporary enemies. Take for instance, Jupiter. The Moon is in the seventh, therefore he becomes temporary enemy of Jupiter. Now adding the two :—Temporary enemy plus permanent friend, we get the compounded relation as neutral. Thus the Moon is a neutral of Jupiter.
Similarly, ascertain the relations with reference to other planets Planetary Castes. One should not confuse this with the so-called caste system. According to Lord Krishna, rarna is based on guno and karma. Astrological Terminology 23 Planetary Directions. According to Hindu astronomy, planets in the course of their journey in the zodiac are said to be obstructed by certain invisible forces called mondochcha, seeghroehcha and patha as g.
This phenomenon of going backwards is called retrogression. Athichara or Acceleration. Astangota or Combustion. The descending direction from exaltation to Avarohana. Conjunction of good planets always produces beneficial results while the reverse holds good when malefic planets join together.
Planets on account of their incessant movements get into certain states of existence called avasthas which are ten in number. Bach avastha produces its own results. Deeptha or Exaltation. Swastha or Own House. Muditha or in the House of a Friend. Sant ha or an Auspicious Sub-division, —Strength and courage, helping relations, comfort and happiness.
Peedya or Residence in the last quarter of a sign. Vikala or Combustion. Khala or Debilitation. The ShadbaJas or Six Sources of Strength and Weakness of Planets Each planet is supposed to get a particular shaie of strength when it occupies a particular position. The source of strength can be numerically measured by a certain unit called Rupa. For full details, see my book Graha and Bhava Balas.
There are six kinds of strength considered in Indian astrology. A planet gets Sthanabala in its exaltation, own house, moolatrikona, and friendly house and Swa own Shadvargas for Shadvargas vide Chapter XI.
Jupiter and Mercury are powerful in the East ascendant. The Sun and Mars get their directional strength in the North 10th house. Saturn in the West 7th house gains Digbala. Venus and the Moon acquire directional strength in the South 4th house.
Chestabala Motional strength. If Jupiter, Veous, Mercury and Saturn are with Mars, they are said to be defeated in the planetary fight or Grahayuddha and get Chestabala. The Moon, Mars and Saturn are powerful during the night. The Sun, Jupiter and Venus are powerful during the day.
Mercury is always powerful. Malefics and benefics are powerful during the dark half and bright half of the lunar month respectively. Mercury, the Sun, Saturn, the Moon, Venus and Mars are powerful at sunrise, noon, evening, first part of the night, midnight and the last part of the night respectively. Jupiter is always strong. Planets in their weekdays, months and years are said to be powerful. The houses of aspect are given in the next chapter. Aspects of benefics give full Drugbala or strength, and aspects of malefics take away the Drugbala 6.
Each planet is supposed to produce a particular measure of strength permanently irrespective of its position. The Sun is the most powerful and Saturn is the least powerful. The strengths of planets can be numerically calculated as per my book Graha and Bhava Balas. CHAPTER VI 11 Hindu Method of Casting the Horoscope The horoscope is simply a scheme or a plan representing an accurate picture of the heavens, of the positions of the planets and the stars for the time at which a child is born or at any particular moment.
For the benefit of my Western readers, and such Indian readers who have no access to almanacs, I have also explained the method of casting the horoscope according to the Western system and its reduction to the Hindu, in the next chapter. The following are some of the maps used by different countries S. Western Countries Find out the date of birth in the almanac in the particular year and write on a sheet of paper all the details given for that day. In most of the almanacs, the positions of the planets are given in Nakshatra Padas Constellational quarters and by merely copying them, one would be able to mark the Rasi zodiacal and Navamsa one-ninth division diagrams.
Ascertain the exact moment of birth and sunrise. Ascertain how many hours after sunrise the birth has occurred and convert this into ghatis. In the almanac, if there are any planets marked on the day of birth and if the ghatis given against each or any of them are below the time of birth, reproduce them as they are ; otherwise trace back and find out the positions of planets nearest to the date of birth.
For the Moon some calculations are necessary. Find out the constellation on the day of birth which can be readily seen in the almanac and note down its duration. If it be the one that ends on the same day, then add to this duration, the number of ghatis and vighatis obtained by subtracting from 60, the extent of the preceding asterism on the previous day.
The sum represents the entire duration of the constellation in question. One-fourth of this gives the duration of a quarter or pada. Add birth time to the duration of the constellation on the previous day. This gives how much of time has elapsed in the constellation at the time of birth. Dividing this by the duration of each quarter, we get the particular quarter of the constellation in which the Moon is. In case the constellation be the one that ends on the next day, the duration of the asterism on the day of birth and that on the next day must be obtained thus : Let us assume that the sunrise on the day of birth of the following illustrative horoscope is at a.
The birth has taken place at p. Deducting sunrise from birth time p. From the almanac. Subtract from 60 ghatis, the number of ghatis and vigbatis at which the Moon left the previous constellation. Add to this, the number of ghatis and vighatis when this constellation terminates the next day. The total duration of the constellation is obtained. Subtract from the time of birth in ghatis the time when the Moon left the previous asterism.
The time elapsed from the beginning of the constellation to the moment of the birth is obtained. Now it will be easy to find in what quarter the Moon is placed.
The following illustration enables the student to grasp the principles enumerated above easily. Dividing this by 4, we find that each quarter lasts for -Gh.
Mrlgaslra Mars III do. Pubba Mercury 11 do. Makha Retrogression Jnpiter 11 do. Jyeshta Venus I do. Robiui Rabu III do. Revati Ketu I do. Venus t 1 "l Jupiter Ketu Take the Sun.
He is in the second quarter of Aslesha. Count from the constellation Aswini upto the constellation of the planet. It is 8. Add the two quarters already passed by the planet in Aslesha. The remainder is 7. That is, the Sun passed three signs from Aries and is in the fourth sign, namely Cancer. All this trouble can be saved by referring to the 32 Hindu Predictive Astrology Table of constellations given on page The Sun, as we know, is in the 2nd pada of Aslesha.
From the table, it will be seen that the last quarter of Punarvasu, the four quarters of Pushyami and the four quarters of Aslesha constitute the sign Cancer.
As the Sun is still in the 2nd pada of Aslesha, we can readily place him in Cancer. Similarly, fix all the other planets in their respective signs. As the earth is egg-shaped, certain signs are exposed to a greater extent of time than others. The 12 solar months are named after the 12 signs of the zodiac. On the first day of Aries the first degree of that particular sign rises in the eastern horizon at sunrise and the remaining signs gradually ascend till the next day at sunrise when the sunrise takes place in the second degree of Aries.
The sunrise takes place in the last degree of the zodiac on the 30th day of Pisces, when the solar year ends. Thus the Lagna or the Ascendant is that particular point of the ecliptic considered with reference to the particular horizon. Therefore, certain periods of time are allotted to each of the zodiacal signs to rise, the duration of such periods depending upon the latitude of the place.
The duration of the signs varies in accordance with the degree of the latitude of tbe place and the student is referred to Appendix B at the end of the book by means of which the rising periods of the various signs for the different degrees of latitude can easily be ascertained. The solar date or birth is readily found out in the almanac. In the illustration given, the solar date is the 24th of Cancer. The rising sign in that month will be Cancer itself. But the Sun rises in it on the first day in the first degree of Cancer.
The person was born on the 24th evening and therefore the Sun has passed 23 degrees of Cancer and rose on that morning in the 24th degree.
Therefore the Sun on the day of birth was in Cancer 24 degrees. Time of birth is 30 ghatis. Cancer extends for about ghatis see Appendix B at Lat. Duration of Cancer Gb. The positions of the planets and the Lagna in their exact degrees are thus calculated with the aid of the almanacs.
Each sign is composed of 30 degrees. In the illustration, Capricorn is the ascendant. Thus the ascendant is 13 degrees 17 minutes Capricorn. This is the Bhavamadbya or the mid-point of the first bouse, and the first house or the first Bhava extends roughly IS degrees on either side of this point. For determining the cusps of houses Bhavamadhya, etc.
In the illustration, 13 degrees Capricorn is the Bhavamadhya of the first house and it roughly extends from 29 degrees of Sagittarius to 28 degrees of Capricorn. The second house extends from 28 degrees Capricorn and so on. At the outset, the beginner will do well to confine his attention to these primary rules without worrying himself with the technique of mathematical astrology.
The exact Nirayana longitude, say of the Sun, is to be determined at the birth of a person on 8th August A. I J 9th August —Sun enters 3rd quarter of Aslesha at gbatis. Time elapsed from the entry of the Sun into the 2nd pada of Aslesha which is nearest to the time of birth upto the moment of birth. In 12, vighatis the Sun covers V degrees. In the 2nd pada or quarter of Aslesha, the Sun has passed 2 degrees, 34 minutes and 48 seconds.
We know that the last quarter of Punarvasu, the four padas of Pushyami and four padas of Aslesha compose Cancer. This added to the number of degrees 36 Hindu Predictive Astrology passed in the 2nd pada of Aslesha gives the exact Nirayana longitude of the Sun at the time of birth, viz.
Thus in the illustrative horoscope, the Nirayana Sun is in 22 degrees, 34 minutes and 48 seconds Cancer. For other planets the longitudes must be computed similarly. The Hindu astronomers of the Nirayana school trace their observations of planets to the fixed zodiac while the Western astronomers, belonging to the Sayana system, consider the moving zodiac commencing from the ever-shifting vernal equinox.
Erect the horoscope as per rules given below. Subtract the Ayanamsa for the year of birth from such positions and the Hindu horoscope is obtained. Add to the Local Mean Time of birth, if the birthplace is west of Greenwich, four minutes for every degree of longitude.
Subtract four minutes from the Local Mean Time of birth for every degree of longitude, if the birthplace is east of Greenwich. Having converted this Local Mean Time of birth into Greenwich Mean Time the planetary longitudes can be calculated from the ephemeris easily. To find out the exact longitude of the planet for a given time the difference of longitude between the previous noon if birth is a. In some publications the daily movements of planets will be given in a separate section.
This difference is the motion of the planet in 24 hours. Then the following rule must be applied: As 24 hours are to the dally motion so is the difference between the given time and noon to the motion required. Illustration— Born 8th August , Thursday 7 hours 23 minutes p. Long, of birthplace in time — 5 10 20 p. Since the place of birth is east of Greenwich subtracting the difference of longitude in time from Local Mean Time, we get the corresponding Greenwich Mean Time, which is equal to 2 hours, 12 minutes and 46 seconds p.
On page 35 the daily motion of the Sun on the day is given as 57 mioutes and 34 seconds. Subtract from this the Ayanamsa for to get the Hindu longitude. Less Ayanamsa for If a planet is in retrogression, it will be mentioned so in the ephemeris. Similarly, the planetary positions for other celestial bodies must be computed. Taurus is composed of three quarters of Krittika, four of Rohini and the first two of Mrigasira. Latina or the Ascendant. This is calculated for 12 noon Greenwich Time.
If the place of birth is east of Greenwich, deduct at the rate of 10 seconds per hour of every 15 degrees of longitude or 1 hour in time and if the place of birth is west of Greenwich, add a similar quantity.
This quantity represents the Sidereal Time at the moment of birth and when this is converted into degrees it represents what is called the R. Then refer to the table of houses for the place of birth or for the latitude nearest to the place of birth. The ascendant and the cusps of the six houses will be found marked. Considering the same illustration, we proceed thus h.
The cusps of the six houses are thus obtained and addihg degrees to each of these, the cusps of the other opposite six are ascertained. Now for example, by adding degrees to the cusp of the 10th house, that of the fourth can be found and so on.
If you consult a Sayana table of houses, deduct the Ayanamsa from the figures obtained and you will get the Nirayana longitudes of houses. From the Sayana ascendant so obtained and the cusps of the houses, deduct the Ayanamsa, viz.
Raman and Prof. The Nirayana Tables of Houses by Dr. Vaidya calculated according to Hindu methods may be used in preference. A consideration of the Shadvargas will enable us to estimate the strength of planets. They a re Rasi. Hora, Drekkana, Navamsa, Dwadasamsa and Trimsamsa.
Generally most of the astrologers mark the Rasi and the Navamsa diagrams and base their predictions on these two. The Navamsa system is the most important division. The readers will do well at the beginning to cast the Rasi and Navamsa diagrams and see how accurate some of the predictions based on these two charts turn out.
This has been fully explained in my Graha and Bhava Balas. The twelve zodiacal signs are the twelve Rasis. The limits and lordships of the various Rasis have been already named. In odd signs like Aries, Gemini, etc. In even signs like Taurus, Cancer, etc. It falls in the first hora as it is within IS degrees. The first drekkana is governed by the lord of the Rasi; the second by the lord of the Sth from it; and the third by the lord of the 9th from it.
Take Aries: the first drekkana is governed by Mars, its lord; the second is ruled by the Sun, the lord of the Sth from Aries; and the third Jupiter rules over, as he is the lord of the 9tb from Aries. In Aries, Leo and Sagittarius, the navamsas are governed by the lords of the nine signs.
Take Aries, and divide it into nine equal parts. The first navamsa is governed by the lord of Aries, viz. Now divide Taurus into nine equal divisions. We have left the counting of the navamsa at the 9th from Aries, viz. Then the first navamsa of Gemini is governed by the lo r d of the first Libra, viz. Again the first of The Shadvargat 43 Cancer is governed by the lord or the first, viz. Again the cycle begins from Aries. The Sun has passed 7 navamsas and I degree, 5 minutes and 52 seconds in the 8th navamsa.
The 8th navamsa in Cancer is Aquarius and the Sun must be placed there. Moon 1 Merc. Take the Sun. He is in the 2nd pada of Aslesha. Counting from Aswini upto Aslesha we get 8 constellations. This converted into padas or quarters gives Each pada is equal to a navamsa.
The Sun has passed 3 signs from Aries and 7 padas or navamsas in the 4th sign Cancer. According to the above rule, for Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces, navamsas must be counted from Cancer itself.
The 7th from Cancer is Capricorn. Its lord is Saturn. Therefore, the Sun is in the navamsa of Saturn. In the navamsa diagram, mark the Sun in Capricorn.
The lords of the 12 Dwadasamsas are the lords of the 12 signs from the sign in question. He has passed 24 degrees 26 minutes -- 9 Dwadasamsas.
In even signs, the first five arc governed by Venus and so on according to the above rules. In odd signs, they are governed by the lords of the seven Rasis from it and in even signs, by the lords of the seventh and following signs. In fact, according to Parasara, there are sixteen divisions Shodasavareas to be considered. Each division is made use of for studying certain aspects of the horoscope— e.
It is not necessary for a beginner to bother himself with these technicalities at this stage. And one of the toughest jobs of an astrologer is to find the exact moment of birth before venturing to make any predictions. In most cases, the precise time of birth will not have been recorded for it is natural that considerable time will have elapsed from the moment of birth to that of recording it. While the importance of the correct instant is so much, we cannot lay any hard and fast rules which will enable us to find out this exact instant.
The Moon is the source of impregnation. Trans, by B. Note the zodiacal sign whose name the Dwadasamsa bears. When the Moon comes to such last sign, the birth of the child will occur The author has been investigating into this theory and proposes to place before the learned readers, the fruits of his labours in due course. This branch of astrology does not come within the scope of a beginner or an amateur. The following are some of the rules which are generally employed by astrologers:— I.
Multiply the time of birth in vighatis by 4 and divide the product by 9. Janma Nakshatra—Mrigasira. Converting this into ghatis and vighatis we get ghatis or vighatis. If suppose the remainder in the above is say 8. In such a case adjust the remainder in such a way as to give the Janma Nakshatra and rectify the time of birth accordingly. Volumes 28, 29, 38 and Multiply the number of gbatis from birth by 6 and add the longitude of the Sun the number of degrees passed in the sign.
Divide the sum by The quotient plus 1 counted from the Sun's sign will give the rising sign. Cancer, we get Aquarius as the ascendant. On Birth Verification and Rectification 51 The quotient, viz. The Sth or the 9th sign from the bouse occupied by the lord of the sign in which the Moon is placed becomes the Janma Lagoa or the ascendant. From a scientific point of view, we cannot say with any sort of definiteness, upon what basis each planet is allotted a certain number of years as its term of Dasa.
In the choice of any particular type of Dasa, the criterion must be that of experience and Vimshottari has answered this test. The position of the Moon at birth is important in the calculation of the Dasas. Every constellation covers l. Each nakshatra has a planet assigned as its lord and the Dasa at birth is determined rather indicated by the constellation occupied by the Moon at the moruent of birth.
But there are examples of persons having lived longer. The combinations for such horoscopes have been mentioned in the future chapters. The position of the Moon at birth determines the ruling period. And tbe next Dasas succeed in the order given above. If, at the birth time, the Moon is in the first degree of the naksbatra constellation , the full period assigned to the planet will run.
If the Moon occupies some intermediate degrees, accordingly the period must be reduced. We shall give below two methods of finding the ruling Dasa and its balance at birth. Take an example. If tbe Moon were in tbe very beginning of Mrigasira, Mars would control the native for the full period of 7 years assigned to him. To five an example. Reference to the table on page 14 shows that the sign Taurus is composed of the last three parts of Krittika, four of Rohini and the first two of Mrigasira.
Each quarter is equal to 3 degrees in extent. We know that Mrigasira is ruled by Mars whose period is seven years. Each asterism being 13 degrees and 20 minutes we must find out wbat will be the period for 1 degree and 50 minutes. Bhuktis: Y. Bhuktis : Y. Multiply the number of years of the Dasa period of the planet by the number of the years of the Dasa period of the planet whose sub-period is desired.
Then cutting of! Multiply the Dasa term of Venus 20 years by that of the Sun 6 years, i. There is a zero for the last digit of the product and therefore the sub- period is 12 months. The Bhuktis are further sub-divided into still more minute divisions called the antarams or inter-periods; these into antarantarams and so on, till swara or the period necessary for the inhaling and the exhaling of breath is reached.
In 13 months and 9 days. We know how to find the unexpired balance of Dasa at birth. With the expired portion of Dasa at birth there are certain sub-periods Bhuktis ruling under the period which have also expired. Diminish the aggregate by the expired part of birth Dasa and the remainder gives the balance of unexpired Bhukti of the planet in question at birth.
Take for instance the same example. According to Hindu astrology, all aspects are impersonal and the aspects are counted from sign to sign. An aspect is good or bad according to the relation between the aspecting and the aspected planet. It will be seen that Jaimini and Tajak writers consider an altogether different method of reading aspects- Beginners should never mix the one system with the other.
According to Jaimini all moveable signs aspect all fixed signs, except the adjacent ones- Similarly, all fixed signs aspect all move- able signs except the adjacent ones.
Common signs aspect each other. In this book we are devoting ourselves exclusively to Parasara. Thus if the Sun is in Cancer and Saturn is in Taurus, we say that the Sun is in the third from Saturn and consequently receives the aspect 3rd house aspect of Saturn. The opposition aspect becomes extremely good when it is produced by Jupiter and the Moon.
It is held to be good when benefics aspect each other 7th house aspect. A planet, aspecting its own house, whether by the 7th house aspect or special aspect, will naturally increase the signification of that house. The 8th house aspect is a square aspect and sometimes this is evil and sometimes beneficial.
The same principle applies even in case of the 8tb house aspect. Jupiter aspects the 5th and 9th houses which, in Western astrology, are, trine aspects.
The results vary according to the natural and temporal dignities of the aspecting and the aspected bodies. Saturn aspects the 3rd and the 10th houses. As a natural malefic, his aspects ate bad.
But the aspects produce good in case Saturn acquires beneficence by temporal situation. Here some observations on aspects have to be made. The exact quantum of an aspect cast by an aspecting body on an aspected body can be mathematically measured by following On Aspects 61 the method given in Graha and Bhava Balas. Bhava-sandhi is where two bhavas join. Hindu astrology is primarily based on constellations or nakshatras , the longitudes of constellations differ from place to place but for purposes of predictive astrology each constellation is treated as having a jurisdiction of thirteen degrees twenty minutes i.
All signs are as in the fixed zodiac and the longitudes of planets also refer to their location on the fixed zodiac.
According to older Hindu texts, the words signs and houses fall on each other, but the count of the signs is always made from Aries which is the first sign, and the count of the house begins from the lagna; the duration of a sign rising differs from latitude to latitude. Ashwini nakshatra marks the beginning of the Zodiac, Revati , placed exactly on the Ecliptic, identifies this constellation as zero degree Aries and marks the divergence of the point of the Vernal Equinox.
Therefore, Chitra or 'Alpha Virgo', a far brighter star is taken to fix the position of Revati exactly one hundred eighty degrees away from Chitra. Surya Siddhanta position is the traditional basis of the Chitra Paksha Ayanamsa. This system was accurate years ago but is currently inaccurate and knowing this the Indian Calendar Reform Committee suggested that the it's right for every Indians to consider the Tropical Zodiacs as the appropriate system to be followed.
Hindu astrology is based on the whole sign equal to one house principle. The principle of dividing the zodiac into twelve equal parts relates to the original Whole sign houses system. The advantage of this system is that the houses bhavas are easier to calculate, and it is easier to read the planetary combinations and permutations i. The lagna determines the entire field of action, through it are interpreted all the different aspects of life.
The sign and house are deemed synonymous. All yogas given in ancient Hindu astrological texts are based on this principle; Parasara, Jaimini, Mantreswara, all followed this method of house division.
Therefore, Gopesh Kumar Ojha recommends this method, which is simpler and favoured by majority, should be followed. Planets involved in mutual exchange of signs or Parivartana yoga i. The mutual exchange of signs between lords of favourable bhavas viz the lords of the 2nd, the kendras , the trikonas and the 11th bhava , are said to produce twenty-eight auspicious yogas known as Maha yogas ; those born with Maha yogas are most fortunate and wealthy.
The mutual exchange of the lords of these bhavas with the lord of the 3rd give rise to eight inauspicious Khala yogas but the lords of the 6th, the 8th and the 12th, which are known as the Trika bhavas , as involved between themselves and all other bhava-lords give rise to thirty very inauspicious Dainya yogas. An Introduction to Vedic Astrology 2. General Principles of Vedic Astrology 3. Vedic Tools of Prediction 4. A Reading List for Vedic Astrology 5.
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